Beyond WhatsApp: Why governments are mandating homegrown messaging

Across the world, more governments are adopting or requiring homegrown messaging platforms to maintain tighter information control and achieve «digital sovereignty.» These apps enable authorities to monitor conversations, filter or block content, and store user data under domestic law, rather than subjecting it to the reach of foreign jurisdictions.

Information control and surveillance
One of the most prominent instances of these platforms can be seen in China. WeChat, the country’s dominant messaging and social media app, is deeply integrated with state monitoring systems. Authorities can track conversations, flag or delete politically sensitive material, and request access to user data, which is stored on servers located in China. This integration provides the government with an effective mechanism to steer public dialogue and suppress dissent, aligning communication with official ideology.

National security and sovereignty
Beyond information control, many governments cite national security concerns and a desire to reduce reliance on outside technologies. Consequently, states shift government communication to domestically run platforms to limit exposure to potential foreign surveillance or interference. For example, Kazakhstan’s recent order requiring government agencies to use the locally developed Aitu messenger is presented as a step toward greater digital independence and protection against external risks.

Economic and market power
In addition to security and control, homegrown apps play a crucial economic role, supporting local tech sectors and reducing dependence on global tech giants. Russia’s introduction of the Max messenger, created by the state-backed company VK, illustrates this approach. By mandating that new devices carry the app pre-installed, Moscow aims to secure domestic market dominance, integrate the service into government systems, and retain the financial benefits of digital activity within the country.